(A) Vectors in Cartesian Coordinates
1. A unit vector is a vector whose magnitude is one unit.
2. A unit vector that is parallel to the x-axis is denoted by
while a unit vector that is parallel to the y-axis is denoted by
.
3. The unit vector can be expressed in columnar form as below:
4. The magnitudes of the unit vectors are
5. The magnitude of the vector
can be calculated using the Pythagoras’ Theorem.
(B) Unit Vector in the Direction of a Vector
Example 1:
Solution:
Example 1:
If
and
, find the values of k. Determine the unit vector in the direction of
for each value of k.
Solution:
Example 2:
It is given that
(a) Find
(b) Hence, find the unit vector in the direction of
Solution:
(a)
(b)