Question 1:
(a) Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 shows activities which involved the radioactive substances.


(i) State the radioactive radiation used in medical field in Diagram 1.1. [1 mark]


(ii) State the uses of Carbon-14 in Diagram 1.2. [1 mark]

(iii) State one effect of nuclear explosion to human being. [1 mark]

(iv) What substance is used to make a container to keep radioactive substance safe? [1 mark]

(b) Diagram 1.3 shows the nuclear power station.

(i) Name the radioactive substances used in Diagram 1.3. [1 mark]

(ii) State the energy generated from the power station in Diagram 1.3. [1 mark]


Answer:
(a)(i) Gamma radiation

(a)(ii) To estimate the age of ancient objects

(a)(iii) Can cause serious health problems or even death

(a)(iv) Thick concrete/ Thick lead

(b)(i) Uranium-235

(b)(ii) Electrical energy

Question 1:
Diagram 1 shows a nuclear fission process of radioactive substance.


(a) Name energy S and ray T in the boxes provided in Diagram 1. [2 marks]

(b) State one use of:
(i) Energy S [1 mark]
(ii) Ray T in medical field.[1 mark]

(c) State one method to detect the presence of ray T. [1 mark]

(d) What is the effect on human beings if exposed to ray T. [1 mark]


Answer:
(a)
Energy S: Nuclear energy
Ray T: Radioactive radiation

(b)(i)
- To generate electrical energy
- To generate large amounts of heat and light in nuclear explosions
(any one)


(b)(ii)
- Used as radioactive tracers
- Used for sterilising medical supplies
- Used in radiotherapy treatment to kill certain cells such as cancer cells
(any one)

(c) Use a detector such as the Geiger-Muller counter.

(d) Causes radiation sickness, internal bleeding, infertility, cancer and mutations. 

Question 1:
Diagram 1 shows three radioactive radiations, P, Q and R.


(a) Name radioactive radiations P and R. [2 marks]

(b) State the charges of radioactive radiation P and Q.[2 marks]

(c) Name the substance that can stop the penetration of radioactive radiation R. [1 mark]

(d) Name the radioactive radiation which is used to kill cancer cells. [1 mark]


Answer:
(a)
P: Alpha radiation
R: Gamma radiation

(b)
P: Positively charged
Q: Negatively charged

(c) Thick block of lead or concrete.

(d) Gamma radiation

Question 2:
Diagram 2 shows the use of a radioactive substance in food preservation.


(a) State the function of gamma radiation in this process. [1 mark]

(b) State two uses of gamma radiation other than food preservation.[2 marks]

(c) Name one material which can stop gamma radiation. [1 mark]

(d) State two dangerous effects of gamma radiation to human beings. [2 marks]


Answer:
(a) To kill microorganisms in the potatoes without changing their taste and appearance.

(b)
- To kill cancerous cells
- To control the thickness of paper, plastic or metal
- To kill or sterilize pests
(any two)

(c) Lead which is a few centimetres thick

(d)
- Kills body cells
- Causes cancer
- Causes mutation
(any two)