4.1 Matrix

4.1 Matrices
 
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers enclosed in large brackets.
For example ( 2 0 3 1 ) is a matrix .
  
(A)   Rows, Columns and Order of Matrices
1. A matrix which has m rows and columns is known as a matrix of order m × n.
 


2. A row matrix is a matrix which has only one row.
Example:
( 4 ),          ( 2     6 ),      ( 3     8    5 )  1 ×1         1 ×2          1 ×3           Only 1 row     
 
3. A column matrix is a matrix which has only one column.
Example:
( 3 ),           ( 2 6 ),         ( 5 7 9 ) 1× 1        2× 1            3× 1              Only 1 column  
4. A square matrix is a matrix which has equal number of rows and columns.

Example:
( 3 ),         ( 7 0 2 5 ),       ( 1 3    9 0 6 4    1 3    5 ) 1×1           2×2                 3×3 Number of rows = Number of columns